Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 28

Education - Essay Example Therefore, the American economy might find itself irreparably outdated if the current behavior is not changed and the students urged to concentrate more on their studies and less on partying and watching television. The film provides statistical data that indicate how the American students are behaving as compared to students in other regions. This is when considering commitment to education. Here, the average American student spends more time when watching television shows as compared to the time spent when learning. Specifically, this adds to 1,500 hours each year and 900 hours when learning or in the classrooms (â€Å"Two Million Minutes: A Global Examination (13 Minute Cut) Part 2†). American students depicted in the film also confirm that they view school as a rite of passage. Moreover, the American students have lower hours allocated for learning per day. At least 66% of these students allocate at most one hour for doing homework every day (â€Å"Two Million Minutes: A Global Examination (13 Minute Cut) Part 2†). The statistical data provided by the film with respect to the time that the American students allocate to education during weekends is more worrying. This is becaus e not even one hour is allocated to education during weekends. These students like having other activities, which are not related to education such as partying. The choice of subjects done by American students is also worrying. This is because they do not choose the subjects of interest, which their counterparts in India and China take advantage of. Such subjects include science and mathematics. This is as compared to other students in different countries who take higher education with higher levels of seriousness especially through pursuing these competitive subjects. According to the documentary, the students in India and China show different behavior in all aspects such as the hours they allocate to education, the subjects of

Efficts of Conflict and Conflict Resolution on Women and Children Essay

Efficts of Conflict and Conflict Resolution on Women and Children - Essay Example War has been known to cause massive losses in terms of both lives and property. Traditionally, it was the role of the men to venture into war since they were meant to be protectors of the social units in which they were found. The contemporary armed conflicts have incorporated the contribution of women and children as part of the war forces used against an enemy. But it should be noted that the contribution of women and children is significantly low as compared to the high numbers of men found in war. Both women and women are in most cases left home as the men venture out into war. At the same time the nature of war has changed its course with time from the fight targeting the military functions to that which has increasingly been targeting the civilians- a high percentage of which is made up of the women and the children. The warring factions have also intensified attacks directed against their enemies through physically and sexually abusing women and children as a way of punishing their enemies. In this sense then, the women and children have been the victims of various war consequences that they find themselves torn in between. The overall and most obvious war consequences are the destruction of both lives and property since apparently death toll resulting from war related killings increase. Another common war characteristic is the burning up of property as a way of economically destroying the enemy. There are other war consequences that affect the women and children as well. They include; rapes, psychological disturbances, recruit of the children into the military, maiming and disabling, displacement of masses from their homes, transmission of diseases like the sexually transmitted illnesses, and economic severance among other consequences. Men make the largest number of combatants. It is quite interesting that in times when peace is sought after following a period of war, most of the efforts made by governments and other bodies in the decision making level often address the effects the combatants; attempting to ward them off and trying to disarm them in an attempt to restore peace within the war torn are as. The women and children who in turn make the largest number of the victims are often ignored in peace initiatives. The vulnerability associated with these two groups of people often causes their victimization as the following section indicates. Vulnerability of women The international committee of the Red Cross identifies vulnerability in women as stemming from various phenomena. As a result of their biological characteristics and attention for special needs, some categories of women may be considered as vulnerable. These categories include expectant mothers, nursing mothers or women with maternity cases. All the above categories of vulnerable women have their needs stemming from their specific health, biological or hygiene needs. This can be considered as a form of vulnerability associated with the women folk specifically because only women have the potential of delving into these situations that make them vulnerable. This is facilitated by their reproductive roles of conceiving and giving birth to children. Otherwise the law doesn't recognize grown up women as a group of vulnerable people unless they are in any of the above mentioned categories. The social-cultural beliefs found in a given community often mark the kind of relationships found among the people found within such cultural settings. Most of the

Monday, October 28, 2019

Happy Feelings Essay Example for Free

Happy Feelings Essay Happiness is something that does normally come to everyone in one way shape or form. Happiness is not something that just comes, it’s something that you create. In a person’s life if you are waiting on something to change in order to be happy, then you’re not living life. When you adopt a positive attitude, life becomes a rewarding instead of something to get through. If you wish to be happy, you have to be less involved in your own happiness and more involved in the happiness of others. Make others happy and you become happy as a result. Involve yourself totally, throw yourself into what you are doing in life, and happiness will result. If you are compromising, i.e. doing something you hate as a means to an end so that good will result one fine day, STOP! Begin to do more of what you love now and let that grow until it fills your life. Then happiness will be yours, and you will be better able to bring happiness to the world, (Asoka Selvarajah). We look for happiness outside ourselves, thinking that if we and the right job, homes , and the right friends we would be truly happy. All our life we have tried to surround ourselves with people and things that make us feel comfortable. A step in seeking happiness is learning that we first have to learn how negative emotions are not helpful and positive emotions are helpful. †We must also realize that these negative emotions are not only very bad and harmful to one personally, but are also harmful to society and the future of the whole world, (Dalai Lama). The Dalai Lama believes that happiness is a state of mind is the source of happiness must lie within the mind. If our mind is pure and peaceful we shall be happy, regardless of our external changes. Dalai Lama believes that happiness is achieved through compassion and training the mind. To achieve happiness begins with distinguishing between spirituality and religion. To have a spiritual portion in your life, you will appreciate the happiness in your life. My first subject I chose was Jennifer Aldred, She is a close friend and someone that I recently began dating. Jennifer is 33 years old and holds a degree in Computer Science. Jennifer is employed at the Chick-fil-a Corporate Office as an Administrative Communications Assistant. The questions I had presented to Jennifer were as follows: 1. What is your definition of Happiness? 2. Has your definition of happiness changed over time? 3. What experiences have influenced your definition? 4. Do you expect your definition to change again over time? 5. Do you think the happiness of other around you affect your happiness? 1. Happiness is a relative-term that is based off of the levels of serotonin in the body. â€Å"I have a science background; what can I say.† 2. My definition of happiness has only changed slightly over time; more dramatically from childhood into adulthood. As a child, happiness was more about receiving a material gift. Now, as an adult, time is more valuable to me. And, being able to spend time with my peers gives me that same sense of happiness as when I was a child and my parents would give me a new toy. Of course, most of our basic needs such as food, shelter, love and peer bonding have continued to make me happy over time. As we age, the definition of happiness will mature as with our lives. 3. Looking into the past, I associate key events (birthdays, being able to drive for the first time, the birth of my friend’s children, getting married, vacations, etc.) with my happiness. Currently, I am very content with where I am in life so there for each day is filled with an undertone of happiness. Contentment = happiness. 4. I completely expect my definition of happiness to change again. As I progress into different stages of my life, whatever is most valuable to me will become my greatest source of happiness. 5. Yes, the happiness of others directly affects my happiness. My second subject I chose was Kristie Thompson, She is a work associate and is an Executive Assistant and holds a Master’s Degree in Business Administration. Kristie is employed at the Chick-fil-a Corporate Office. The questions I had presented to Kristie were as follows: 1. What is your definition of Happiness? 2. Has your definition of happiness changed over time? 3. What experiences have influenced your definition? 4. Do you expect your definition to change again over time? 5. Do you think the happiness of other around you affect your happiness? 1. Happiness is defined as following the path that God has lead out for you and being in His will. Only when you are doing what God has called you to do can you really be happy. It is knowing that I am doing what He created me to do regardless. 2. Happiness has changed as Ive matured, as a kid, happiness was the next big present received or achievement for parents to be proud of you. As an adult, happiness is rarely about you or your achievement. 3. As a Christian, everything is influenced by what I learn in the Bible and my life experiences, whether good or bad, just support that. 4. No, I believe that I’m am pretty set in my ways. I have my family, home and everything that I need. I’m 38 years old and believe I have found I am pretty set in my ways in what I like and don’t like. 5. The happiness of others around me may impact my mood, but not my true happiness. I’m not going let other bring me down. I can say I have brief moments of happiness, for example when my children accomplish something, but don’t overall affect my overall happiness. www.cedarfire.com/art.word-asoka.shtml Richardson, Hugh E. (1984). Tibet Its History. 1st edition 1962. 2nd edition

Sunday, October 27, 2019

How To Reduce Drug Trafficking In The US Criminology Essay

How To Reduce Drug Trafficking In The US Criminology Essay I would like to say that this paper shows the point of view of total drug ban supporters, provides a history of drug policies pursued by the United States, and puts forward arguments against the softer (less restrictive) policies, commonly referred to as legalization of drugs, while as a main argument against the last is considered negative global experience with such permitted by law psychoactive substances such as alcohol and tobacco. Also the paper was written with an aim to show how funds that are used to fight drug trafficking would be better used if we would channel the funds to preventive and rehabilitation programs which should alleviate the need for illegal drugs in the United States. In the end of the paper we conclude that only strong public policy, intended to reduce harm through the prevention of drug abuse can achieve successes. Recent trends in the U.S. policy towards the consumption of psychoactive substances are discussed in the context of the history of drug policy in the country. Restrictive policy in this area serves as a deterrent consumption of such substances, and helps reduce social problems and costs associated with them. Legalization or decriminalization of drugs could mitigate some of the legal consequences of their use, but the growth of their use would lead to harmful consequences. Recent discussions on how to achieve success in solving problems related to drug use in the U.S. are concentrated around the two opposing models of politics. Proponents of one of these concepts, generally known as the prohibition, support the expansion of measures to ban them, as well as implementation of curative and preventive programs. Proponents of the opposite point of view, defined as the legalization, insisting on the abolition of restrictive policies on drugs and psychotropic substances, at the same time seeking methods to reduce the harmful consequences associated with their non-medical use. Knowledge of the history of drug policy in the United States would consider the subject of debate and the positions of its members in a more complete and objective context. Lets discuss historical context of the problem that will help us to plunge into the problem of this paper with more details. Musto (1987) demonstrated that the history of modern politics, aimed at the prohibition of drugs, has its roots in the XIX century, when the pharmaceutical industry has begun to develop and produce powerful and addictive substances. One of them was heroin, which in the United States first went on sale in 1898. These substances are sold as the most common items, along with a popular new drink Coca-Cola, which was part of the cocaine. At that time, doctors freely gave to their patients prescriptions for drugs that cause addiction. So, a fairly large group of people with dependence on psychoactive substances designated for medical purposes, or drug addicts on the prescription was formed. Drugs such as cocaine, originally used for medical prescriptions were legal. Drug use quickly spread among the population, gaining compulsive character, accompanied by illegal act ivities in order to maintain a non-medical use and continuing despite the obvious negative health and social consequences. Dupont and Voth (1995) stated that this period of chaotic sale and use of addictive substances ended in the first two decades of the XX century, when a new social contract embodied in the Act on the Control of Food and Drug Administration was adopted in 1906. This Act provided compulsory indication of drugs composition. Harrison Drug Act banned the drugs trade was adopted somewhat later in 1914. Volstead Act, together with the Eighteenth amendment was added to the Constitution of the United States in 1919, banned the selling of alcohol. In the United States, these laws were part of a broader movement for reform, which also called for granting voting rights to women. In accordance with this new social contract addictive drugs became inaccessible, except cases when they were appointed by doctors, and even then they were used exclusively for the treatment of diseases which will not include a painful addiction to these substances. In 1933, an alcohol was excluded from the list of strictly controlled or banned substances. In 1937, marijuana was added to the list of banned substances because of the sudden increase in the number of its users. This epidemic of drug abuse started in the last decade of the XIX century with morphine and heroin and ended in the first decade of the twentieth century with a sharp rise in cocaine consumption. According to Horgan (1993), it is necessary to mention that Social Contract that restricts the use of psychoactive substances, has brought considerable benefits to the country, nearly putting an end to the epidemic of drug abuse. During the first two-thirds of the twentieth century, the U.S. laws on the control of drug trafficking provides a model for similar legislation in many countries. In the period from 1920 to 1965 in the United States sharply reduced addictive consumption of psychoactive substances, which at the end of the XIX century were used freely and uncontrollably. Analyzing historical facts we could say that solid and steady success of this policy against psychoactive substance abuse lulled our vigilance. Social and political figures in the United States have forgotten the tragic consequences of the widespread use of psychoactive substances. An old epidemic of drug abuse in the country left in the memory of the little amount of the U.S. citizens to 1960. The majority of American population knows about drug abuse tragedy except by hearsay. Strict prohibition of psychoactive substances, except alcohol, was widely recognized until drugs were not included in the range of the rising youth culture as one of the key elements of a new lifestyle. Marijuana, hallucinogens and cocaine received widely used definition of minimally addictive or light drugs. Exactly they focused on itself calls for legalization, which justify unsubstantiated allegations, that these drugs are no worse than alcohol and tobacco. Nowadays serious problems of the past (and present) time related both to the deteriorating health problems and the development of psychoactive substances addiction, which are a consequence of cocaine and marijuana use are known. Extensive data research on the harmful effects of many drugs substances indicate how society has been misled in the 1960s. These effects include: development of drug addiction, traffic injuries, illnesses, suicides, and adverse effects of psychoactive substances on the human organism. In the next part of this paper it is necessary to return to the contemporary reality and I would like to begin this section with Barack Obamas words quoting taking from his appeal to the Congress of the United States. According to 2010 National Strategy we know that the 2010 National Drug Control Strategy was developed by ONDCP with input from Federal, State, and local partners. It provides a collaborative and balanced approach that emphasizes community-based prevention, integration of evidence-based treatment into the healthcare system, innovations in the criminal justice system, and international partnerships to disrupt drug trafficking organizations. Basing on this fact Barack Obama said that: I am committed to restoring balance in our efforts to combat the drug problems that plague our communities. Drug use endangers the health and safety of every American, depletes financial and human resources, and deadens the spirit of many of our communities. While I am proud of the new direc tion described here, a well-crafted strategy is only as successful as its implementation. To succeed, we will need to rely on the hard work, dedication, and perseverance of every concerned American. Discussing the National Drug Control Strategy we see that it emphasizes cooperative and balanced approach with emphasis on preventive work in the region, the integration of evidence-based treatment in general health care system, innovations in the criminal justice system to break the cycle of addiction and crime, and creating international partnerships to stop the activities of transnational organizations involved in drug trafficking. The 2010 National Drug Control Strategy was developed on the base of public discussions and necessary documents in this area. Director of National Drug Control Policy has met with police and doctors, representatives of organizations involved in treatment of drug addicts and people recovering from treatment, elected officials and officers from correctional establishments, scholars and groups of parents, religious leaders and others. The consultation process identified a number of important topics that link the drug problem with the main political priorities of the administration, including the economy, healthcare reform, youth development, public safety, military, veterans issues and international relations. Adopted drug control strategy allows funds that are used to fight drug trafficking implement in directions of preventive and rehabilitation programs which should alleviate the need for illegal drugs in the United States. In acknowledgement of these words I would like to show real facts taken from the FY 2011 Budget Summary and according to it we see: The Presidents Fiscal Year (FY) 2011 National Drug Control Budget requests $15.5 billion to reduce drug use and its consequences in the United States. This represents an increase of $521.1 million (3.5 percent) over the FY 2010 enacted level of $15.0 billion. These resources are categorized around five major functions: (1) Substance Abuse Prevention, (2) Substance Abuse Treatment, (3) Domestic Law Enforcement, (4) Interdiction, and (5) International Support. The 2010 National Drug Control Strategy sets the five-year goal of reducing drug use and its consequences. This Strategy is going to: reduce drug use among youth by 15 percent; reduce drug use among young adults by 10 percent; reduce the number of chronic drug users by 15 percent; reduce mortality drug use by 15 percent, and reduce the incidence of driving under the influence of drugs at 10 percent. In addition, the strategy outlines three significant problems with drug addiction, which the administration will focus this year: the abuse of prescription drugs, driving under the influence of drugs and drug prevention. Abuse of prescription drugs in the U.S. is the fastest-growing narcotic problem, which in recent years has resulted in significant overdose. Driving under the influence of drugs poses a threat to public safety, as evidenced by a recent survey on the roads, found that every sixth driver in the evenings at the weekend gave a positive test result for drugs in the organism. Prevention of drug abuse before its appearance is the best way to protect Americas youth from drugs. In addressing each of these problems, the strategy provides scientifically based, evidence-and a combined approach. Elements of the new strategy also includes a concerted effort on how to make it possible to restore to every American who is suffering from drug addiction through an expanding network of community centers to combat drug addiction and develop new drugs and treatments confirmed this dependence. Further support of work of law enforcement authorities, criminal justice system, suppression of drug trafficking and drug production in the country, work with partners on reduction of the global drug trade, and innovative public programs, such as the courts about the drugs, play a major role in reduction of drugs consumption and its consequences in America. Thus, taking into account above discussed information it is possible to conclude that the ongoing drug policy reduces the level of their consumption and makes its consequences less severe. On my opinion, the United States chose the right way for healthy nation and basing on fact that harm reduction is a pragmatic approach to minimize the harmful consequences for the individual and the community associated with drug use, it is understandable that countrys policy and adopted National Drug Control Strategy is also the right direction of development. For the end of the paper I would like to say that I strongly believe in the efficiency of discussed policy and it will lead our nation to success and prosperity.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Cinderella Syndrome Essay -- essays research papers

Cinderella Syndrome I think the time has come for someone to write â€Å"Cinderella: The Sequel.† How did we get here? In 1697, French writer Charles Perrault updated an age-old fairy tale about a young woman named Cinderella to appeal to his contemporaries, French nobility and bourgeoisie. So many of the early versions of the tale boasted a very resourceful young woman who played an active role in her destiny. Perrault, however wrote his Cinderella as a well-mannered, docile, selfless women who would fit seamlessly with the ideal 17th century upper-class society. Historically, fairy tales have reflected the values of society in which they were written or revised mirroring its preoccupations, obsessions, ambitions, and shortcomings. What do these updates say about our culture’s view of women and marriage? It was this version that Walt Disney made famous in the 1950’s and to which feminists strongly reacted to in the 1960’s and 1970’s and ultimately co-opting the story to their own needs. What do these updates say about our culture’s view of women and marriage? In her famous poem, â€Å"Cinderella, Ann Sexton mocks the happily ever after. â€Å"Cinderella and the prince lived, they say, happily ever after, like two dolls in a museum case that was never bothered by diapers or dust.† Today’s teenage girls have been brought up by women who read Sexton and her peers and who have taught their daughters that they can want it all, marriage, career, family. But can they have it all? I feel that ...

Friday, October 25, 2019

Computer Cryptography :: Exploratory Essays

Computer Cryptography When I first read the term computer cryptography, I thought that it was a technical term for â€Å"hacking.† After looking up â€Å"cryptography† on an on-line dictionary, I was sure I wasn’t far from the truth. But after further examining the topic, I find I am only partly right. Computer cryptography is a very complex thing. According to David Banisar [1], â€Å"Cryptography provides a means of accomplishing two crucial functions-encryption and authentication.† In order to understand cryptography, I think it is best to first look at encryption and authentication. Then I will examine how it affects the privacy of personal computer users and how the government is attempting to deal with the cryptography issue. I will also take a brief look at quantum computers and their effect on the computer society. Encryption is a security process, designed to secure information being sent electronically. It’s kind of like sending a message military-style. Instead of saying, â€Å"The president has left the White House,† a military official might say something like, â€Å"The eagle has left the nest.† The difference between the example above and encryption is that encryption has more to do with mathematics, since computers communicate using numbers, not letters. Authentication is just as it sounds. Authenticity means, â€Å"Not false or imitation. [2]† I also found that authenticate means, â€Å"to prove or serve to prove the authenticity of. [3]† Basically, it’s making something legitimate. Well, authenticating a computer document is the same as signing the document. The sender uses a unique â€Å"digital signature† to let the receiver know that the document is official and sent from the right person. So, to sum it up, computer cryptography software is designed to send and receive important messages using a type of secret code to send the message and an electronic signature to let you know the receiver’s software allowing him to easily read the message is real. The message is then decoded by message. When personal computer users purchase something online, they use a credit card number or bank account number to make their purchase. This number is sent through the website to the company you’re shopping with. If there are any â€Å"bugs† in the site’s programming, other users can get a hold of your account information and use it to do the same, to purchase things online, where no one is there to verify that that is you (Stephen Budianski, â€Å"Losing the Code War,† Atlantic Monthly, 2002).

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Role of the Individual: A look inside the Galactic World of Star Wa

Star Wars takes place a long time ago in a galaxy that is unlike anything modern society could conceive as being authentic. It exists in a time before Earth was even thought of. At the start of the movie, a civil war is occurring between the Rebel Alliance and The Galactic Empire. A leader of the Rebel Alliance, Princess Leia, stole plans from the Galactic Empire (also known as the Imperial forces) for the Death Star. The Death Star was a very heavily armed space station with weapons capable of destroying an entire planet. After stealing the plans, Princess Leia sent two droids, R2-D2 and C-3PO, to the planet Tatooine with a copy of the plans in R2-D2's memory bank. The droids are then captured and sold to a farming family. The nephew of the farming family was Luke Skywalker. Skywalker decided to clean the droids and triggered a message from Princess Leia requesting assistance from an Obi-Wan Kenobi. Skywalker doesn't know who that is but he does know of a Ben Kenobi. The next day he seeks out Ben Kenobi and Ben introduces himself as Obi-Wan Kenobi. He reveals to Skywalker that he was a former Jedi Knight. A Jedi Knight is a peacekeeper in the Star Wars galaxy. This is the point in the movie where some action begins. Kenobi reveals to Luke that Luke's father, Anakin Skywalker, was also a Jedi Knight. Ben and Anakin fought together in the galactic wars. Luke is told his father was killed by Darth Vader. Kenobi gives Luke his father's light saber. Kenobi views the message that the droid R2-D2 contains. In the message, Princess Leia begs Kenobi to take the plans stored in R2-D2's memory bank to the planet of Alderaan. Princess Leia wishes for her father to analyze the Death Star plans. Luke is asked by Kenobi to accompany him on... ...TH 32). The light saber is much more than just a weapon in the Star Wars galaxy. The lightsaber must be used actively. It is not like a magical amulet or talisman that provides passive protection against evil. It is something that must be actively used and the way it is used can be for good or evil. The wielder holds a lot of power when it comes to a light saber. If Luke uses it for good, the light side of the force, then the light saber is a symbol of justice. However, if he uses it for evil, the dark side of the force, then it is a symbol of destruction. The light saber being given to Luke is just one of Kenobi's responsibilities. The other responsibility of Kenobi is to help Luke find his place in society by introducing him to the Force. In order for Luke to understand what the force is about, Kenobi must guide him how it is used for both good and evil (MYTH 36).

Violent Video Games Are Harmful to Young People

Violent video games can definitely be harmful to young people, especially very young, easily influenced children. Maybe they don’t affect each child the same, but I’m sure that there are times when they negatively affect the life of an adolescent. I would imagine that any one exposed to violence like some I’ve seen on some video games, would pick up the behavior subconsciously over time, even if they don’t consciously act violent. Sometimes young people who play games like these sort of separate themselves from reality, which leads to angry behavior.Other times, it leads straight to violence because that’s what these kids know and experience daily on the television screen. Everyone has heard the controversy surrounding the hugely popular Grand Theft Auto games. In which, young people steal cars and kill people for absolutely no reason. I see this as a perfect example. I wonder how often kids spend time playing this game, or others similar to it, and suddenly start acting out violently as a result. I believe that young people don’t always necessarily have the maturity to realize that video games aren’t real.It’s at these young ages that our lives are shaped, and we learn by example to become well rounded adults. If kids are constantly observing violence, then as they age they are sure to act violently or at least harbor a great deal of anger into adulthood. While I haven’t seen this happen first hand, I’m sure that this type of thing happens all the time with young people who play violent video games all the time. Doubt: I seriously have to wonder if violent video games are harmful to young people.It seems like blaming video games is the most pleasant way for parents to avoid taking the responsibility for raising a violent kid. It’s just like how so often people blame kids’ bad behavior on music or television shows. I’ve watched violent movies, heard violent music, even pl ayed violent video games, but I don’t run around killing people or robbing liquor stores. Does that mean that the games I played weren’t violent enough to affect me? If these games are so harmful to young people, then how did I avoid these harmful side effects of them?Furthermore, if violent video games have the potential to turn sweet little children into murderers, then why does our government allow them to be sold all over our country? To me it sounds awfully familiar to the concept that rock n’ roll taught children to be wild and rambunctious. Then there’s the claim that rap music makes kids hate women and sell drugs. Young people might be easily influenced, but they aren’t stupid. It all boils down to how they were raised. I think that violent adults are most likely the result of parents who didn’t do their jobs correctly when their children were young.I mean, give young people some credit, most of them turn out all right, despite the t hings they are exposed to on a daily basis. Assuming that violent video games makes every kid violent is like believing that every young person that observes a person smoking a cigarette is going to pick up the habit. Just because kids are young that doesn’t mean that they don’t have the brain to choose how they act. I know plenty of people who love violent video games, and who are not violent people. Therefore, it’s wrong to claim that violent video games are harmful to all young people.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Media, Culture, and Society Essay

â€Å"A witness is authorized to speak by having been present at an occurrence. A private experience enables a public statement. But the journey from experience (the seen) into words (the said) is precarious†¦ It always involves an epistemological gap whose bridge is fraught with difficulty. No transfusion of consciousness is possible. Words can be exchanged, experiences cannot.† In his essay out of Media, Culture, and Society, John Durham Peters brings forth provocative realities about the role of a witness. As the above quote demonstrates, it is impossible to truly communicate the act of experiencing an event to an ignorant second party. The â€Å"bridge† between witness and words that Peters describes is one that our society has formed in many different fashions. We of course relate verbally; but we also take photographs, write stories, paint pictures, and videotape those experiences in our life that may be of significance to others or ourselves. Visiting an actual holocaust survivor may be the best way to understand the ways of the Nazi regime. The ideal form of coverage the media can provide is â€Å"Eye Witness† News interviewing the clerk at a store that was robbed. The examples go on, but the obvious fact is that in order to understand an occurrence we must get as â€Å"close† to the actual moment as possible. In our study of history, a witness is a source possessing raw, authentic proximity to facts. Ideally, all history would be taught from these first-hand observers, but this of course is impossible. Naturally, we turn to the sources that go back lifetimes. War photography text taking us back the furthest. From ancient hieroglyphics to the bible, we see text as the most solid proof we can get about what happened years ago. divides chroniclers into travelers, pilgrims, creators, apologists, confessors and prisoners. Some write to keep track of their memories, Mallon suggests; others write for spiritual development; or to spark or explore their art. There are those diarists who wish to confess or celebrate sins committed in life or of the flesh; still others, trapped in jails imposed by others or by their own limitations, use diaries to create imaginary lives Today, as in the past, most diarists are not well-known. They may be students of history, literature, languages and the like; scientists and naturalists who note their discoveries and ideas; and a multitude of others who write for their own spiritual or intellectual growth. Even though technology has expanded our ability to record information — diaries can be found on paper, computer, video, film, or audio tape — the intrinsic value of diary writing remains the same. The records we leave behind will serve future historians as they attempt to understand the time we live in. What they will deduce about our lives and our society remains to be seen. Diaries and journals of early Americans are considered an honest, unembellished form — a key to our understanding of the past. The words, often written by ordinary men and women, provide valuable clues as to how people lived. Although the style and the form of diary writing has changed, the content continues to reflect the forces — economic, political, social and technological — that have affected the lives of Americans throughout our history. . In the 1700s, minister Jonathan Edwards kept detailed records of his duties and castigated himself for his spiritual failures Among male diarists, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark chronicled their adventures in mapping the Northwest Passage Now, according to modern historian Margo Culley, the diaries of women became more introspective, a record of an inner life. As more women were educated, they increasingly chronicled their thoughts. Rebecca Cox Jackson, a free African American woman who would become known as a religious visionary, described her spiritual transformation, in the 1830s.

Biometrics Term Paper

Biometrics Meredith Thomas Strayer University 1 Biometrics, according to Foster, â€Å"is the science of using technology to automatically identify an individual based on physical, biological, and behavioral characteristics. † There are two classification systems in biometrics and they are: physiological and behavioral. Physiological characteristics pertain to fingerprints, facial recognition, DNA, hand geometry, the shape of your body, iris recognition, etc. Behavioral characteristics pertain to voice recognition, handwriting, the way that you walk, etc.There are also two categories for the use of this biometric information and they are: access control, and remote identification. Access control pertains to the prevention of others from gaining access to information. Remote identification helps to identify a person through fingerprints or hand geometry. According to globalsecurity. org (2000-2010) they have given biometric technologies the following characteristics: Universali ty: Every person should have the characteristic. People who are mute or without fingerprints will need to be accommodated in some way.Uniqueness: Generally, no two people have identical characteristics. However, identical twins are hard to distinguish. Permanence: The characteristics should not vary with time. A person’s face, for example, may change with age. Collectability: The characteristics must be easily collectible and measurable. Performance: The method must deliver accurate results under varied environmental circumstances. Acceptability: The general public must accept the sample collection routines. Nonintrusive methods are more acceptable. Circumvention: The technology should be difficult to deceive. Now let’s get more into biometrics! Fingerprinting is one of the most popular physiological characteristics in biometrics. No two people on this earth have the exact same fingerprint, which helps in distinguishing where a person has been, and what they have touch ed. Once a criminals fingerprints have been recorded in IAFIS (the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System), then they are permanently recorded and easily traced. Another physiological characteristic is facial recognition, which is newer to the scene than fingerprints.While it may be one of the easiest to use, the environment in which it is used definitely controls it. A mug-shot is the ideal way to capture facial recognition, because it is a controlled environment. One of my favorite physiological characteristics is the use of the iris for identification. According to globalsecurity. org (2000-2010), â€Å"The technology is based upon the fact that no two iris patterns are alike (the probability is higher than that of fingerprints). The iris is a protected organ which makes the identification possibilities lifelong. Criminals may be able to duplicate fingerprints, but not irises. Some behavioral characteristics associated with biometrics are, handwriting and voice r ecognition. Every person has their own unique handwriting, it is measured by the rhythm, pressure, and flow that one applies to the paper while writing. Voice verification is tough to analyze, because a person’s voice changes if they have a cold, or if they are over-excited, anxious, nervous, afraid. Background noise is also a factor. All of the above mentioned characteristics can be used in access control and remote identification.Iris identification is used more and more often for security purposes in passports, hospitals, high profile building access, etc. 3 There are new and emerging technologies in the biometrics field such as: vein scan, facial thermography, DNA matching, blood pulse, skin elements, nailbed identification, gait recognition, and ear shape. Vein scan is a non intrusive scan of the veins on the back of one’s hands hand, they are very unique patterns that are formed before birth, and only change in size throughout one’s lifetime.Facial thermog raphy is very similar to facial recognition, except an infrared camera is used. Skin elements are an interesting biometric technology because just like fingerprints or irises everyone’s skin makeup is different. Gait recognition is one technology that I would have never thought of, but it makes a lot of sense. According to globalsecurity. org, â€Å"A person’s musculature essentially limits the variation of motion, and measuring requires no contact with the person. One disadvantage to gait recognition could be loose fitting clothing, the body is hidden and you don’t have much to compare. Everyday new and different technologies are emerging in the biometrics field. I can’t wait to see what happens in the next ten years, and what I will have to look forward to working with in the future. 4 Foster, Raymond E. (2005). Police Technology. Pearson Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. http://www. globalsecurity. org/security/systems/biometrics. htm Sit e monitored by John Pike.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

13 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on Medieval English Literature vs Renaissance

13 Compare and Contrast Essay Topics on Medieval English Literature vs Renaissance Writing a compare and contrast essay about any topic requires detailed research. This is especially true if you are writing about topics related to English literature. If you have been assigned a compare and contrast essay on medieval English literature vs Renaissance and do not have much time on your hands to begin a full-fledged research crusade, the following 13 facts will inspire you to come up with an essay thesis. However, if you are still having trouble coming up with a topic for your essay, check out our list of 20 English literature topics on medieval English literature vs. Renaissance for a compare and contrast essay. The Renaissance was a cultural movement which started in Italy during the 15th century. It later spread to Europe during the 17th century. The Renaissance was heavily influenced by the classic elements of language, literature and philosophy. It encompassed a modern approach to thinking about humanity and human potential, which was known as Renaissance Humanism. The famous English poet and playwright, William Shakespeare, flourished during this period of enlightenment and learning. He is often called the Bard of Avon and Englands national poet. Another notable author of this period is Miguel de Cervantes. Estimating literacy levels during the English Renaissance era is complicated. There is no way to accurately estimate the number of people who could read and write in the 16th and early 17th century. Mass literacy levels during the Renaissance were not kept track of by any institution. The only ones who could be termed well-educated were those fortunate enough to attend a Jacobean or Elizabethan school. The pupils of these institutes were literate in English and later on learned Latin, Greek, and, sometimes Hebrew. They studied Roman and Greek literature in the original language and were also trained to speak and write Latin. The advent of the printed word had transformative effects on the society during the Renaissance. Books which could only be reproduced by intensive labor were easily mass-produced. Religion also fueled the development of printing and literacy. The Protestant Reformation played a significant role in the development of printing. Other religions saw the potential of rapid dissemination of information as well. Numerous pamphlets and other religious materials were printed and distributed widely. More people became educated due to the indirect results of the printing press, making literature spread throughout Europe. The Restoration brought widespread change across all of Great Britain. After the islands were united as a single nation in 1707, large numbers of Italian and French artists migrated to England. This contributed to a revolutionary change in aesthetic tastes. As art and literature flourished, the scientific revolution also started. Direct observation was given a prime status and empiricism was established as a principle of scientific thought. John Locke was the one of the notable intellectuals who utilized this concept. During the Renaissance, feminism gained momentum as a powerful movement, both in literature and everyday life. The champion of this movement was Mary Astell. The first woman to make a living from writing was Aphra Behn. The old hierarchical system fell apart and traditions lost their hold on powerful institutions. By the time the 18th century ended, human rights had become the central focus of law and politics. Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is a masterpiece of English literature. It is one of the most influential and finest examples of fiction from the Middle Ages. Written in Middle English, it is within the grasp of the modern reader, but requires the use of an extensive glossary in order to be properly appreciated. A major part of the works of medieval literature are anonymous. This is mainly because of the way authors were viewed in those times. The author of those times deeply respected classical writers, almost to the point of reverence. They would re-tell stories, but would claim that they were merely handing down something that was better said by an auctor (Latin for author or originator). The name of the individual author seemed less important, which is why many notable works cannot be attributed to an individual author. That is why the authors of classics such as† Sir Gawain and the Green knight† and â€Å"Beowulf† are not known. Of the many literary devices used in Medieval literature, the most prominent one is allegory. Almost all the authors of medieval literature relied heavily on allegories as vehicles of conveying morals to the reader. The works contain beautiful representations of abstract concepts, qualities, events, and institutions. Aurelius Clemens Prudentius wrote one of the most influential allegories Psychomachia (Battle of Souls). Other notable examples are The Divine Comedy, Romance of the Rose, Piers Plowman, Everyman, and Roman de Fauvel. Medieval literature blends elements from fantasy, religion and reality into an eclectic mix. The characters were often given human characteristics, but had the qualities of fictitious figures. These stories also incorporated the ideas of chivalry, romance, and complex codes of honor. However, most works had quite clear religious overtones. Even the works which did not deal with religion directly contained religious references. A written literary work was an expensive and rare thing in the Medieval era. The only way to produce a copy was to write out the work by hand. As literacy was not very high, monks usually copied out the works. The manuscripts were kept in monasteries and were within reach of only a few. A limited number of rich and the nobles owned copies. The peasants could only pass down the stories and poems orally. The cultural and linguistic landscape of Britain changed rapidly with the Norman Conquest in 1066. The vocabulary of the former started to accumulate words from the French language. Interestingly, unique English literature did not exist before the late 14th century. This changed, however, and eventually English replaced French as the language of government. The prestige of English was greatly enhanced by Geoffrey Chaucer, whose English poetry emulated Italian and French poetry but was written in his own vernacular. The Medieval period can be classified into three major sub-periods in terms of literary developments: The Anglo-Saxon period (c. 450-1066), the Anglo-Norman period (1066- c. 1200), and the period of Middle English literature (thirteenth and fourteenth centuries). The literature which appeared during the Renaissance (1660-1785) can be divided into three sub-periods of about 40 years each. The first period goes up to 1700 and ends with the death of Dryden. English literature witnessed a significant refinement during this period. The poetry and prose had an easy, sociable style, whereas comedy triumphed in theaters. The second period ended with the deaths of Pope and Swift (1744 and 1745 respectively). The works produced during this period focused on satire and were brilliant in their depth. However, they also possessed a playful quality. The third period ends with the death of Johnson in the year 1784. During this period, the literary works bring about a significant break with tradition and embrace revolutionary ideas. These ideas would be crystallized during the Romantic period. With these in hand, you can come up with a good compare and contrast essay. If you need help in properly structuring your essay, you can refer to our handy guide on how to write a compare and contrast essay on Medieval literature vs. Renaissance. You can also use any of the references listed at the end to quickly discover relevant information about this subject. They will be very handy if you have left things up to the last minute, but still want an A. References: Payne, M., Hunter, J. (2003). Renaissance literature. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub. Rivers, I. (1994). Classical and Christian ideas in English Renaissance poetry. London: Routledge. Roberts, S., Healy, T. (1994). New Latitudes: Theory and English Renaissance Literature. Renaissance Quarterly, 47(2), 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862938 Difference Between Medieval and Renaissance Literature. (2016). Pediaa.Com. Retrieved 4 April 2016, from http://pediaa.com/difference-between-medieval-and-renaissance-literature/ Medieval Literature vs. Renaissance Literature. (2010). Advanced English @ EAWR. Retrieved 4 April 2016, from https://eawrap.wordpress.com/2010/10/25/medieval-literature-vs-renaissance-literature/ Faculty of English. (2016). English.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 4 April 2016, from https://www.english.cam.ac.uk/admissions/graduate/MPhil_Info_MedRen.htm Neuffer, S., Neuffer, S. (2016). Differences Between Medieval Renaissance Literature in England | eHow. eHow. Retrieved 4 April 2016, from ehow.com/info_8631099_differences-between-medieval-renaissance-literature.html

Distillation essays

Distillation essays Lab Report Summer, 2002 Purpose: The Purpose of this experiment was to test the theory of Simple vs. Fractional Distillation using cyclohexane and toluene. 20 ml of Cyclohexane and 20 ml of Toluene were placed in a 100 ml round bottom flask. The contents were swirled to mix and a boiling rock was added. The Simple Distillation apparatus was setup using technique 7.3. A 50 ml graduated cylinder was used to collect the distillate. Heat was turned. The temperature of the vapor was recorded when each ml was collected. When 30 ml of distillate had been collected and 30 temperature readings had been obtained, the heat was turned off. After letting the apparatus cool down, the distillate and the pot liquid were discarded in the waste jar. This lab was a group effort. Two students performed the Simple Distillation procedure and Two students performed the Fractional Distillation. The data was shared between the groups. In the fraction distillation procedure, a piece of cotton was used to stop the beads from falling, but that piece of cotton proved to do more harm than help in the lab. Students were advised to do the procedure without the piece of cotton. The data gathered from simple distillation follows the the theory but the data shared from another group for farctional distillation did not prove the theory of simple vs. fractional distillation theory. In the data for the Fractional distillation, there was no real sudden rise in the temperatures. ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Math 1025 Essays - Elementary Algebra, Mathematics, Problem Solving

Math 1025 Essays - Elementary Algebra, Mathematics, Problem Solving Math 1025 Portfolio #2 Reflections To receive full credit, you must answer each question completely as well as write complete sentences. 2.5When two variables are related, what does it mean to say that one is the independent variable and one is the dependent variable? Explain and give an example. When two variables are related, what it means to say is that one dependent and the other is independent, which means one solely depends on the other but the other can stand on it's own. The independent can stand alone and cannot be affected by any variable. The independent variable can change based on the independent but the dependent variable cannot change. 2.7Summarize each step of Polya's problem solving strategy in your own words. The first step of polya's problem is to get an idea or understand what the problem means. The second step is to come out with a plan on how to solve the problem, which is to either draw a picture, pattern or solve the equation and use graph if given. The next plan is to put your plan into action or practice until the problem is completely solved. The last step is to go back and check your work which means checking to see if your answers are correct and if there are no mistakes in the method used to solve the problem. 2.8How does the work we did in analyzing the rental car article connect to making decisions in your life? What do you think the point of this lesson is? To be sure on how to spend or be wise in how we use money because no matter what we decide to choose, it all perform the same function. We get to make decisions that are unnecessary in life but with this will help if we decide to do the most important things in our life. What exactly is an equation and how does it differ from an inequality? An equation is a mathematical way of saying that two or more expressions are equal and it differs from an inequality because an inequality shows that there is no equality in whatever problem is given or is being observed, which means there is difference in either the amount given or the ratio. 3.1If someone says that the point of graphing is plotting points and connecting the dots, how would you explain to them how very wrong that they are? Because the point of graphing is not as easy as they think it is. We can't just connect dots and Say we are done or finished. We need to graph it well, put every number where it belongs and also locate the x and y axis and which number is the axis and which number the y axis is in order to make sure every number goes to it right place before plot and then connect and then observe the direction, the trend. Explain in your own words what the slope of a line is. You should discuss both what it means graphically, and what the practical significance is. Graphically the slope of a line means finding the change in y based on a unit change in x the practical significance is that it shows the rate at which a change in the x value gives a change in the y value Describe the connection between the graph of a line and how we use the line's equation to solve problems like the pizza party problem. How would you find the solution of a graph? Solve your problem using your own method and you check to see if it matches that of the graph. Then you can use it to determine the solution to the graph. 3.5Describe what you learned about weight gained and loss from the Group portion of this section. If we need to draw a graph with weight gained and loss, we have to first the starting weight, how many weights one gain in every month and how it is reducing or increasing. 3.6Does the line of best fit provide useful information about every pair of data set? Explain. It translates the data into a linear equation that is easy to work with. For example, if it is hours and money,

Henry T. Sampsons Patents Power Rockets and Satellites

Henry T. Sampson's Patents Power Rockets and Satellites Its all rocket science for black American inventor Henry T. Sampson Jr., a brilliant and accomplished nuclear engineer and aerospace engineering pioneer. He co-invented the gamma-electrical cell, which directly converts nuclear energy into electricity and helps power satellites and space exploration missions. He also holds patents on solid rocket motors. Education Henry Sampson was born in Jackson, Mississippi. He attended Morehouse College and then transferred to Purdue University, where he received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1956. He graduated with an MS degree in engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles in 1961. Sampson continued his post-graduate education at the  University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign  and received his MS in Nuclear Engineering in 1965. When he received his Ph.D. at that university in 1967, he was the first black American to receive one in Nuclear Engineering in the United States. Navy and Professional Career Sampson was employed as a research chemical engineer at the U.S. Naval Weapons Center at  China Lake in California. He specialized in the area of high energy solid propellants and case bonding materials for solid rocket motors. He has said in interviews that this was one of the few places that would hire a black engineer at that time. Sampson also served as the Director of Mission Development and Operations of the Space Test Program at the Aerospace Corporation in El Segundo, California. The gamma-electrical cell he co-invented with George H. Miley directly converts high-energy gamma rays into electricity, providing a long-lasting power source for satellites and long-range space exploration missions. He won the 2012 Entrepreneur of the Year Award from the  Friends of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology, California State University Los Angeles. In  2009, he received the Outstanding Chemical Engineer Award from Purdue University. As an interesting side note, Henry Sampson is also a writer and film historian who wrote a book entitled, Blacks in Black and White: A SourceBook on Black Films. Patents Here is the patent abstract for US patent #3,591,860 for a Gamma-Electrical Cell issued to Henry Thomas Sampson and George H Miley on 7/6/1971. This patent can be viewed in its entirety online or in person at the United States Patent and Trademark Office. A patent abstract is written by the inventor to briefly describe what his or her invention is and what it does. Abstract: The present invention relates to a gamma-electric cell  for producing a high-output  voltage from a source of radiation wherein the gamma-electric cell includes a central collector constructed of a dense metal with the central  collector encapsulated within an outer layer of dielectric material. A further conductive layer is then disposed on or within the dielectric material so as to provide  for a high voltage output between the conductive layer and the central collector upon the reception of radiation by the gamma-electric cell. The invention also includes the use of a plurality of collectors radiating from the central collector throughout the dielectric material so as to increase the collection area and thereby increase the current and/or output voltage. Henry Sampson also received patents for a binder system for propellants and explosives and a case bonding system for cast composite propellants. Both inventions are related to solid rocket motors. He used high-speed photography to study the internal ballistics of solid rocket motors.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Sexual Developement and Orientation

Sexual Developement and Orientation Free Online Research Papers Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of sexual development and maturity, the physiological basis of sexual development and orientation and to examine the interaction between hormones, the body, and behavior, including sex differences in brain morphology and the hormonal control over sexuality. The affects of the environment on sexual development and orientation will be considered as to the maternal and paternal causes and effects. Sexual Development and Orientation A person’s chromosomal sex is determined at the time of fertilization (Carlson, 2007). All cells of the human body (other than sperms or ova) contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. The genetic information that programs the development of a human is contained in the DNA that constitutes these chromosomes. The production of gametes (ova and sperms; gamein means â€Å"to marry†) entails a special form of cell division. This process produces cells that contain one member of each of the nine pairs of chromosomes. The development of a human begins at the time of fertilization, when a single sperm and ovum join, sharing their 23 single chromosomes to reconstitute the 23 pairs (Carlson, 2007). A person’s genetic sex is determined at the time of fertilization of the ovum by the father’s sperm. 22 of the twenty-three 23 pairs of chromosomes determine the organism’s physical development independent of its sex. The last pair consists of two sex chromosomes, which de termine whether the offspring will be a boy or a girl (Carlson, 2007 ). When considering sexual maturation, the onset of puberty occurs when cells in the hypothalamus secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH), which stimulate the production and release of two gonadotropic hormones by the anterior pituitary gland. The gonadotropic (â€Å"gonad-turning†) hormones stimulate the gonads to produce their hormones, which are ultimately responsible for sexual maturation (Carlson, 2007). The two gonadotropic hormones are folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), named for the effects they produce in the female (production of a follicle and its subsequent luteinization). However, the same hormones are produced in the male, where they stimulate the testes to produce sperms and to secrete testosterone. If male and female pituitary glands are exchanged in rats, the ovaries and testes respond perfectly to the hormones secreted by the new glands (Harris and Jacobsohn, 1951-1952). In response to the gonadotropic hormones (usually called gonadotropins), the gonads secrete steroid sex hormones. The ovaries produce estradiol, one of a class of hormones known as estrogens (Carlson, 2007). The testes produce testosterone, an androgen. Both types of glands also produce a small amount of the hormones of the other sex. The gonadal steroids affect many parts of the body. Both estradiol and androgens initiate closure of the growing portions of the bones and thus halt skeletal growth. Estradiol also causes breast development, growth of the lining of the uterus, changes in the deposition of body fat, and maturation of the female genitalia. Androgens stimulate growth of facial, axillary (underarm), and pubic hair; lower the voice; alter the hairline on the head (often causing baldness later in life); stimulate muscular development; and cause genital growth (Carlson, 2007 ). The physiological basis of early sexual development and orientation is the same for all primates. Early in embryonic development, the internal sex organs are bisexual; that is, all embryos contain the precursors for both female and male sex organs. However, during the third month of gestation, only one of these precursors develops; the other withers away. The precursor of the internal female sex organs, which develops into the fimbriae and Fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the inner two-thirds of the vagina, is called the Mà ¼llerian system. The precursor of the internal male sex organs, which develops into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles, is called the Wolffian system (Carlson, 2007). The gender of the internal sex organs of a fetus is determined by the presence or absence of hormones secreted by the testes. If these hormones are present, the Wolffian system develops. If they are not, the Mà ¼llerian system develops. The Mà ¼llerian (female) system needs no horm onal stimulus from the gonads to develop; it just normally does so. In contrast, the cells of the Wolffian (male) system do not develop unless they are stimulated to do so by a hormone. Thus, testes secrete two types of hormones. The first, a peptide hormone called anti- Mà ¼llerian hormone, does exactly what its name says: It prevents the Mà ¼llerian (female) system from developing. It therefore,has a defeminizing effect. The second, a set of steroid hormones called androgens, stimulates the development of the Wolffian system (Carlson, 2007 ). The fact that the internal sex organs of the human embryo are bisexual and could potentially develop as either male or female is dramatically illustrated by two genetic disorders: androgen insensitivity syndrome and persistent Mà ¼llerian duct syndrome. Some people are insensitive to androgens; they have androgen insensitivity syndrome, one of the more aptly named disorders (Money and Ehhartardt, 1972). T he cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome is a` genetic mutation that prevents the formation of functioning androgen receptors. (The gene for the androgen receptor is located on the X chromosome.) The primitive gonads of a genetic male fetus with androgen insensitivity syndrome become testes and secrete both anti-Mà ¼llerian hormone and androgens. The lack of androgen receptors prevents the androgens from having a masculinizing effect; thus, the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate fail to develop. The second genetic disorder, persistent Mà ¼llerian duct syn drome, has two causes: either a failure to produce anti-Mà ¼llerian hormone or the absence of receptors for this hormone (Warne and Zajan, 1998). When this syndrome occurs in genetic males, androgens have their masculinizing effect but defeminization does not occur. Thus, the person is born with both sets of internal sex organs, male and female. The presence of the additional female sex organs usually interferes with normal functioning of the male sex organs. The interaction between hormones, the body, and behavior, including sex differences in brain morphology and the hormonal control over sexuality can be seen in cycles. The reproductive cycle of female primates is called a menstrual cycle (from mensis, meaning â€Å"month†). Females of other species of mammals also have reproductive cycles, called estrous cycles. Estrus means â€Å"gadfly†; when a female rat is in estrus, her hormonal condition goads her to act differently from when she does at other times. Menstrual cycles and estrous cycles consist of a sequence of events that are controlled by hormonal secretions of the pituitary gland and ovaries. These glands interact, the secretions of one affecting those of the other. A cycle begins with the secretion of gonadotropins by the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones (especially FSH) stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles, small spheres of epithelial cells surrounding each ovum. Women normally produce one ovarian follicle each month; if two are produced and fertilized, dizygotic (fraternal) twins will develop. As ovarian follicles mature, they secrete estradiol, which causes the growth of the lining of the uterus in preparation for implantation of the ovum, should it be fertilized by a sperm. The LH surge causes ovulation: The ovarian follicle ruptures, releasing the ovum. Under the continued influence of LH, the ruptured ovarian follicle becomes a corpus luteum (â€Å"yellow body†), which produces estradiol and progesterone. The latter hormone promotes pregnancy (gestation). It maintains the lining of the uterus, and it inhibits the ovaries from producing another follicle. Meanwhile, the ovum enters one of the Fallopian tubes and begins its progress toward the uterus. If it meets sperm cells during its travel down the Fallopian tube and becomes fertilized, it begins to divide, and several days later it attaches itself to the uterine wall. If the ovum is not fertilized or if fertilized too late to develop sufficiently by the time it gets to the uterus, the corpus luteum will stop producing estradiol and progesterone, then the lining of the walls of the uterus will slough off. At this point, menstruation will commence. Male sexual behavior is quite varied, although the essential features of intromission (entry of the penis into the female’s vagina), pelvic thrusting (rhythmic movement of the hindquarters, causing genital friction), and ejaculation (discharge of semen) are characteristic of all male mammals (Carlson, 2007). After ejaculating, the male refrains from sexual activity for a period. Most mammals will return to copulate again and again, showing a longer pause, called a refractory period, after each ejaculation. (The term comes from the Latin refringere, â€Å"to break off.†) Sexual behavior of male rodents depends on testosterone, a fact that has long been recognized (Bermant and Davidison, 1974). If a male rat is castrated (that is, if his testes are removed), his sexual activity eventually ceases. However, the behavior can be reinstated by injections of testosterone. Other hormones play a role in male sexual behavior. Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the posterior pituit ary gland that contracts the milk ducts and thus causes milk ejection in lactating females and is also produced in males, where it obviously plays no role in lactation. Oxytocin is released at the time of orgasm in both males and females and appears to contribute to the contractions of the smooth muscle in the male ejaculatory system and of the vagina and uterus (Carter, 1992) . The mammalian female has been described as the passive participant in copulation, that in some species the female’s role during the act of copulation is merely to assume a posture that exposes her genitals to the male. This behavior is called the lordosis response (from the Greek lordos, meaning â€Å"bent backward†). The female will also move her tail away (if she has one) and stand rigidly enough to support the weight of the male. However, the behavior of a female rodent in initiating copulation is often very active (Carlson, 2007). Sexual behavior of female rodents depends on the gonadal hormones present during estrus: estradiol and progesterone. In rats, estradiol increases about 40 hours before the female becomes receptive; just before receptivity occurs, the corpus luteum begins secreting large quantities of progesterone (Feder, 1981). What controls a person’s sexual orientation, that is, the gender of the preferred sex partner? Many studies have examined the levels of sex steroids in male homosexuals (Meyer-Bahlburg, 1984), and the vast majority of them found these levels to be similar to those of heterosexuals. A few studies suggest that about 30% of female homosexuals have elevated levels of testosterone (but still lower than those found in men) (Carlson, 2007). If these differences are related to a biological cause of lesbianism or whether differences in lifestyles may increase the secretion of testosterone is not yet known. A more likely biological cause of homosexuality is a subtle difference in brain structure caused by differences in the amount of prenatal exposure to androgens. Perhaps, then, the brains of male homosexuals are neither masculinized nor defeminized, those of female homosexuals are masculinized and defeminized, and those of bisexuals are masculinized but not defeminized (Carlson, 20 07 ) Evidence suggests that prenatal androgens can affect human social behavior and sexual orientation, as well as anatomy. In a disorder known as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), the adrenal glands secrete abnormal amounts of androgens. (Hyperplasia means â€Å"excessive formation.†) The secretion of androgens begins prenatally; thus, the syndrome causes prenatal masculinization. Boys born with CAH develop normally; the extra androgen does not seem to have significant effects. However, a girl with CAH will be born with an enlarged clitoris, and her labia may be partly fused together. When considering the environmental factors of sexual development, one must consider the parental factors. Although most research on the physiology of parental behavior has focused on maternal behavior, some researchers are now studying paternal behavior shown by the males of some species of rodents. Then the human paternal behavior is very important for the offspring of our species, but the physiological basis of this behavior has not yet been studied. Most sexually dimorphic behaviors are controlled by the organizational and activational effects of sex hormones. Maternal behavior is somewhat different in this respect. First, no evidence exists that organizational effects of hormones play a role. Second, although maternal behavior is affected by hormones, the behavior is not controlled by them. Most virgin female rats will begin to retrieve and care for young pups after having infants placed with them for several days (Wiesner and Sheard, 1939). Although hormones are not essential for the activation of maternal behavior, many aspects of maternal behavior are facilitated by hormones. Nest-building behavior is facilitated by progesterone, the principal hormone of pregnancy. Voci and Carlson (1973)found that hypothalamic implants of prolactin as well as progesterone facilitated nest building in virgin female mice. Presumably, nest building can be facilitated by either hormone: progesterone during pregnancy and prolactin after parturit ion. Prolactin, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for milk production. Unlike many other peptides, special mechanisms transport this hormone from the blood into the brain (Carlson, 2007 ). References Bermant, G., and Davidson, J. M. Biological Bases of Sexual Behavior. New York: Harper Row, 1974. Carlson, N. R. (2007 ). Physiology of Behavior, Ninth Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Carter, C. S. Hormonal influences on human sexual behavior. In Behavioral Endocrinology, edited by J. B. Becker, S. M. Breedlove, and D. Crews. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992. Feder, H. H. Estrous cyclicity in mammals. In Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction, edited by N. T. Adler. New York: Plenum Press, 1981. Harris, G. W., and Jacobsohn, D. Functional grafts of the anterior pituitary gland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London [B], 1951– 1952, 139, 263– 267. Meyer- Bahlburg, H. F. L. Psychoendocrine research on sexual orientation: Current status and future options. Progress in Brain Research, 1984, 63, 375– 398. Money, J., and Ehrhardt, A. Man Woman, Boy Girl. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972. Warne, G. L., and Zajac, J. D. Disorders of sexual differentiation. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 1998, 27, 945– 967. Voci, V. E., and Carlson, N. R. Enhancement of maternal behavior and nest behavior following systemic and diencephalic administration of prolactin and progesterone in the mouse. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1973, 83, 388– 393. Wiesner, B. P., and Sheard, N. Maternal Behaviour in the Rat. London: Oliver and Brody, 1933. Research Papers on Sexual Developement and OrientationGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Personal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

Sediment Core Analysis in Archaeology

Sediment Core Analysis in Archaeology Sediment cores are an extremely useful tool used in conjunction with archaeological studies. Basically, a geologist uses a long narrow metal (generally aluminum) tube to sample the soil deposits in the bottom of a lake or wetland. The soils are removed, dried, and analyzed in a laboratory. The reason sediment core analysis is interesting is because the bottoms of a lake or wetland are records of the silt and pollen and other objects and materials which have fallen into the lake over time. The lake water acts as both a sorting device and as a preservative  since the deposits fall in chronological order and (if not subject to dredging) are not normally otherwise disturbed by humans. So, a tube extended down into these sediments collects a sample of 2-5 inch diameter of undisturbed deposits which reflect changes over time. Sediment columns can be dated using AMS radiocarbon dates from tiny pieces of charcoal in the sediments. Pollen and phytoliths recovered from soils can provide data about the predominant climate; stable isotope analysis can suggest plant colony type dominance. Tiny artifacts such as micro-debitage can appear in soil columns. Identifying periods when the amount of soil deposited within a given time increases steeply can be an indication of increased erosion  after adjacent land was cleared. Sources and Studies Feller, Eric J., R. S. Anderson, and Peter A. Koehler 1997 Late Quaternary Paleoenvironments of the White River Plateau, Colorado, USA. Arctic and Alpine Research 29(1):53-62. Head, Lesley 1989 Using palaeoecology to date Aboriginal fish-traps at Lake Condah, Victoria. Archaeology in Oceania 24:110-115. Horrocks, M., et al. 2004 Microbotanical remains reveal Polynesian agriculture and mixed cropping in early New Zealand. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 131:147-157. Kelso, Gerald K. 1994 Palynology in historical rural-landscape studies: Great Meadows, Pennsylvania. American Antiquity 59(2):359-372. Londoà ±o, Ana C. 2008 Pattern and rate of erosion inferred from Inca agricultural terraces in arid southern Peru. Geomorphology 99(1-4):13-25. Lupo, Liliana C., et al. 2006 Climate and human impact during the past 2000 years as recorded in the Lagunas de Yala, Jujuy, northwestern Argentina. Quaternary International 158:30–43. Tsartsidou, Georgia, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Nikos Efstratiou, and Steve Weiner 2008 Ethnoarchaeological study of phytolith assemblages from an agro-pastoral village in Northern Greece (Sarakini): development and application of a Phytolith Difference Index. Journal of Archaeological Science 35(3):600-613.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Patient Safety and the USA Healthcare System Essay

Patient Safety and the USA Healthcare System - Essay Example USA healthcare system has not been efficient in handling the safety of patients. This is because it has encountered various challenges identified by experts. One of the challenges is wrong-site surgery. This occurs when an operation is done on the wrong part of the body. Even though it is rare and preventable it still occurs in the current hospitals. It is apparent that from the year 1995 to 2010 about 956 wrong-site incidents were reported to the Joint Commission. A medication error is another challenge evident in the America health care system. It is apparent when the patients receive the wrong medication or when the wrong dosage is given to a patient. A report by the Institute of Medication in 2006 showed that estimates of 1.5 million Americans each year are harmed by medical errors. This has resulted in an extra medical cost of $3.5 billion (Pauley & Joseph, 2012).Health care-acquired infection is another challenge that the America health care is facing though at a minimal level. The challenge occurs when a person gets an infection while being treated. It is apparent that 1 out of 20 patients hospitalized in United States contract health care acquire infections. At the end, the patient spends more time in the hospital and takes longer recovery time. Falls are other causes of injuries in the health care settings and the outside environment. Research has shown that about 500,000 falls happen each year in Americans hospitals resulting to 150,000 injuries (Savage & Ford, 2008).

Gender Inequalities in Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Gender Inequalities in Organizations - Essay Example The discussion aims at highlighting and underpinning the concept of equality of opportunities for women that will offer likely benefits and advantages to the business and social environment of the Saudi Arabia. It has been seen and perceived that women are incapable and unfit for certain kind of jobs and men get undue advantages and benefits in the social and business environment. The discussion identifies the importance and need of equality in the business environment to create a favorable and positive business environment for men and women. Women are often subjected to sexual harassment and abuses compared to men and creating a positive environment will only empower them in the present as well as in the future. The discussion also aims at understanding the reasons behind gender inequality along with identifying problems and issues pertaining to it in the business and social environment. For this purpose, the social and business environment of Saudi Arabia has been assessed and analysed. At the same time, the educational and social environment has been analysed in terms of impact and influence. It is important to change the educational structure along with reducing the impact and influence of social and economic constraints to attract more number of women in the national work force. This requires equal rights and equality in everything without discriminating against the gender. It also requires help and support of public and private sector organizations to create a base for Saudi women in terms of exposing them to business ins and outs along with offering training to enhance their skills. Therefore, the role of public and private sector organisations has also been assessed and analysed in a critical, illustrative manner.... However, with 15% of national workforce comprising of women, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is yet to utilize untapped potentials of its work force especially those of women (UNDP, 2008). The current work force is driven by majority of expatriates who have been contributing to the success and development of the country. However, the role of nationals comprising of men and women with potential to perform and contribute remains obsolete. The majority of these are women who have not been exposed to the business environment. There is no denying that legislative, social, occupational and educational constraints prevent women to participate in the Saudi labor market but things need to be changed in order to offer equal opportunities to people without differentiating on the basis of the gender. Saudi Arabia is a powerful economy with wide arrays of business opportunities. In order to emerge as a dynamic and global force, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia needs to overcome these constraints. Sambidge (2011) stated that the Arab nations continue to lag behind other nations when it comes to gender equality. As per the report published by the World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap, 2011, no Middle East country was in the list of top 100 countries for gender equality out of the 135 countries covered. UAE was ranked at (103), followed by Kuwait (105), Bahrain (110), Oman (127) and Saudi Arabia (131). However, things have been changing at a rapid pace as women are now allowed to vote for the very first time highlighting the growth and acceptance of gender equality. The notion of men leading men and women has been prevailing from early centuries. This argument can be considered as the base for the start of inequalities between the genders. However, the mode of discrimination seems to

Friday, October 18, 2019

Hewllet-packard co Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Hewllet-packard co - Research Paper Example Hewlett-Packard was created in 1939 by two Stanford University students, Bill Hewlett and David Packard (Beer 2). The company came to be recognized for both its management practices and its innovative and reliable electronic goods (Beer 2). Its corporate culture and management techniques came to be known as the â€Å"HP way† (Beer 2). The HP way was progressive and focused on profits more than on growth in revenues, team-work, open-door management practices, high levels of employment, egalitarian pay structures, and flexible working schedules (Beer 2). These practices were a reflection of the values of the founders who placed importance on both profits and people (Beer 2). During its first four decades, Hewlett-Packard mainly sold test and measurement equipment, and it was during this time that the HP way developed (Beer 2). These test and measurement equipment products were based on cutting-edge technology which HP had developed, and could be sold at high profit margins (Beer 2). Hewlett-Packards clients were mainly engineers or other people from the technology industry who purchased these products for business applications (Beer 2). The first major transformation in Hewlett-Packards business came during the 1970s when the company launched computer and printer products, initially for business applications, and later for home use (Beer 2). The company struggled initially in the computer business, as the building of microcomputers and the development of UNIX machines demanded different skills to those required in the instruments business (Beer 2). The computer business needed large initial research and development investments, and required different co mpany divisions such as chips, software and peripherals, to work in tandem, which was a change from the decentralized model which had succeeded in the instruments business (Beer 2). For this

Movie Reaction Paper on Hoop Dreams Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reaction Paper on Hoop Dreams - Movie Review Example There are many instances in the movie when the viewer feels that at least at this time Arthur or William should learn something and focus equally on their studies. For example, when Arthur’s father leaves the family and William’s brother loses his job, one feels that these events will bring Arthur and William to face the realities. However, it does not happen. The movie brings on screen the harsh reality that the dreams of ‘making it big’ keeps the players from facing the realities of their life and taking action to correct it. The other good thing about the movie is that in a subtle way, it has also exposed the faults in the social system. The movie ‘Hoop Dreams’ has brought forth the exploitative nature of the social and institutional practices related to the sport of basketball. The movie makes the viewer realize that social institutions like schools and colleges contribute in risking the future of the young basketball players by offering th em scholarships for their sports performance. In doing so, they do not offer any future security in case the players fail to make it to the national level. The movie makes one realize that the society and adults are as much responsible in destroying the lives of children as their own dreams are. There are many instances in the movie where the viewer gets to learn lessons which can be applied to his own life. For example, the movie makes one realize that if one has to improve his life and make it better, then one has to face the realities and think differently. Hence, the movie also works as a wake up call for the viewer. The movie is an excellent representation of human life and hence, the viewer has a lot to learn from it. Social Problems In the documentary movie ‘Hoop Dreams,’ one can see how the social problems experienced by Arthur Agee and William Gates affect their lives in a negative way. By looking at the circumstances and family background of Arthur Agee, one c an see that two of the major social problems that Arthur experiences in his life are the Black ethnic background and low socio-economic status (SES) of his family. Black Ethnic Background Arthur Agee belongs to a Black ethnic background. His ethnic background is a source of many other problems like social disadvantage, lack of proper education and low self-esteem. There are various social problems associated with people from Black ethnic background. For example, people from Black ethnic background usually live in neighborhood that is dangerous, unhealthy and vulnerable to development of anti-social behavior pattern. Arthur Agee’s ethnic background makes him experience the social disadvantages like living in unhealthy social surroundings and lacking a good upbringing. His ethnic background becomes a reason for him suffering from low self-esteem and no social exposure. Hence, even when he gets an opportunity like a school scholarship, he is unable to take full advantage of it a s he becomes scared and timid when exposed to new people and children from White ethnic background. When he gets an admission in good school, he is not able to connect with children from White ethnic background as he had never socialized with them. For example, when he is given an opportunity to play with freshman team of St. Joseph, he finds it difficult to follow their discipline and rules. Arthur is shown saying that he has never

-- i will send it as file -- Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

-- i will send it as file -- - Essay Example Cultural practices play a crucial role in differentiating given groups of people. Evidently, social structures of a given community greatly depend on the type of culture put into practice by that given community or society to a larger extent. Additionally, different communities cultivate their cultural symbols and values. Cases of communities practicing other communities’ cultural practices keep on surfacing. The underlying reason for the inter-cultural practices is due to the intermarriages and several other interactions. Cultural practices form a basis of each and every community around the world. Different ethnic groups encompass of different ethnic cultures that guide the structural survival of that given society or ethnic group through the years. Many ethnic groups identify those people outside their community as cultural practitioners but only under certain set circumstances. In this content, circumcision among the male child tends to be the cultural practice of choice. In as much as many ethnic groups around the world practice circumcision, various groups perform the practice to meet different goals. Circumcision is essential in ensuring that a given individual moves from one stage of growth to the other. Moreover, once a person undergoes circumcision rights, the person is considered an adult, ready to handle any challenges that arise in the world. The practice remains as one of the most ancient cultural practice in the community. People in the society view circumcision as one of the most crucial cultural practices in the ethnic group. According to the community, circumcision instills discipline into the youth and makes them act in a more mature way compared to when they had not undergone the cut. A circumcised member of the community should be able to handle any challenges or risks and uncertainty arising in the world. Members of the community additionally, view circumcision as one of those cultural

Why do we look after children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Why do we look after children - Essay Example Through their research they have show that humans, like primates, share many similar patterns and evolutionary traits with respect to parenting as a means to increase survival. Are we really that different? See Figures 2 and 3 in the appendix at the rear of the paper. Geary and Flinn (2001) assert that â€Å"at a social and behavioural level these characteristics function to allow individuals to gain access to and control of the associated resources, such as food, mates, and territory† (pp. 6-7). The main impetus that holds us from achieving this is largely dependent upon the behaviours exhibited by others of the same species. This complex nature which we call social behaviour is nothing more than the evolutionary process we, as humans, have undergone as a means to achieve this. The only difference is the complexity of the social competencies that a species possesses. As an example, both gorillas and chimpanzees social competencies have evolved so that a great portion of their sustainability lies in their ability to protect their young from other males within their respective species Regardless of the complexity of social competences, humans, as with primates, share one common goal and strategy. â€Å"The ultimate function of parental behaviour is, however, the same: to provide a social context that enables the acquisition of sociocompetitive competencies† (Geary and Flinn, 2001, p. 7). As we have evolved we have adapted to this by means of developing social groupings and ties that assist us in ensuring survival through a cooperative effort to gain the needed resources to assure our sustainability. Figure 4 in the appendices displays what Geary and Flinn demonstrate as the unique characteristics of man as we have evolved. In the following pages we will examine the question ‘why we look after children?’ through examination of the various factors, both psychologically and biologically, that have enabled us to survive as a species, perpetuate our

Are online courses taught responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Are online courses taught responsibility - Essay Example One of the areas where it has exerted great changes is in education whereby, learning activity has changed from more interactive face-to-face learning to a less interactive online learning environment also referred to as e-learning (Sandel, 2007). This form of training is gaining popularity across the globe due to increasing use of internet and need to streamline the flow of information in all sectors of the economy. This has resulted to student’s reliance on computer from their own places of convenience as opposed to classroom culture where students interact with their teachers and their colleagues (Tait, 2003). However, this approach of teaching has raised concern of morality regarding the competence and fairness of online tutorials in fulfilling the essence of learning to the students. This system may still disadvantage some learners who may lack access to online tutorials due to high cost of connection and other materials (Howar, Schenk, & Discenza, 2004). This study will focus on different moral rules to assess the efficiency of online teaching to the distance learners. Education should contribute to equality of all students from various backgrounds by making it available and affordable to all. â€Å"Utilitarianism theory of ethics,† requires individuals to k\make their own decisions based on what they consider best for them (Sandel, 2007). Therefore, individuals can chose between online and classroom approach depending which method will satisfy their needs best. Electronic learning offers equality to many families as opposed to traditional methods of attending their studies in a classroom (Bates, 2005). This is because all students face equal treatment in case of online learning and is not biased compared to face-to-face learning where students attend different learning institutions based on their social status (Tait, 2003). However, this may turn out to be inaccessible by some students who cannot afford to pay for the services. Traditionally,

Thursday, October 17, 2019

The Bauhaus Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Bauhaus Movement - Essay Example But in 1945 when the World War II had ended, a pattern of thinking particularly in arts and architecture began to emerge. This was known as the Bauhaus movement. The presence of eminent personalities from arts and architecture like Joseph Albers, Gropius and Mies who supported the movement was an evidence of the movement gaining acceptance by the people at that time. Every movement in history has gone through phases of controversies and criticisms. The Bauhaus movement too, was no such exception. There were obstructions as well as political interferences. But still the Bauhaus movement was successful in providing a direction to a newly incepted art form which was known as the abstract art (Craig, 2001). The Bauhaus movement laid the foundation stone for the art and architecture that was to be used throughout the 20th century The Bauhaus movement- inception During the initial decades of the twentieth century many chaos and destructions were seen. While at the political level socialism and democracy uprooted monarchy, at the scientific level machines and new technology brought in many changes. It was at this time that visual art fused with new ideas and creation emerged. This growing pattern manifested itself in the form of Expressionism (Ryan and Conver, 2003, pp.49-50). In Expressionism form of art, the person or the objects in context were removed using strong contour lines or bold colors. Around 1907, cubism emerged. Cubism was of two forms – analytical cubism that derived abstracts from living objects and synthetic cubism, which was more metaphorical of the two, emphasized on representing the essence of the object only. Cubism form of art led to the occurrence of several other art movements like the Dadaism, Futurism and the Bauhaus (Arntson, n.d, p.24). The background The name Bauhaus movement was coined from the name Bauhaus that was a German school of crafts and fine arts in Germany during 1919-1933. It was founded by the Walter Gropius who was a G erman architect in 1919. Post World War II, a movement known as the Bauhaus’s movement began that aimed at the liberation and exploration of American art and artists. Prior to that, much of the focus laid on the European form of art with little scope for their American counterparts The European artists were restricted in their expression of art and architecture. Bauhaus movement uprooted these restrictions and offered new arenas for them to explore. But still in its effort to bring in modernism and incorporate new ideas in its art and architecture it faced severe criticisms from both the public as well as the ruling government in those times. The Bauhaus movement occurred in two stages. It made its appearance during 1919-1936 and gained momentum during its second phase (Craig, 2001, p.112). The initial stage laid the foundation for the acceptance of new ideas .This was implicit from the fact that people from the Bauhaus School of Arts were brought in the country to teach and express their ideas. The second phase saw marked improvement over the first phase in the form of establishment of the renowned artist Joseph Albers at the Black Mountain College in North California and its acceptance of the Bauhaus ideology by the German artist Gropius and German American architect Mies (Craig, 2001, pp.35). The influence of de Stijl on the Bauhaus movement The de Stijl was a Dutch artistic movement that occurred in Netherlands. The Guggenheim museum’s article on the de Stijl stated that the de Stijl form of art focused on the usage of geometrical figures like the straight line, the square, the rectangle in asymmetrical combinations and using pure primary colors with black and white (Ryan and Conver, 2003, p.52). The Bauhaus move